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Abebe Bekele is a Professeur Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa
Most of the behavioural risk factors, such as tobacco use, alcohol consumption, khat consumption, were more prevalent among men compared to women. Conversely, the biological risk factors, such as obesity, impaired fasting glycaemia, and raised total cholesterol were more prevalent among women than men . The demographic and behavioural risk factors such as sex of respondent, age group, area of residence, not engaged in vigorous physical activity, alcohol consumption , not doing vigorous recreational activities, and adding salt to food had significant association with raised blood pressure. In addition, the demographic and behavioural factors (age group, area of residence, alcohol consumption , adding salt to food, not engaged in vigorous physical activity, chewing chat) and biological risk factors (raised BP or currently on medication) were significantly associated (p<0.001) with raised blood glucose. In this survey, 95% of the study population were found with 1-2 NCD risk factors and a forecast of the disease burden prevailing in urban population. Modifying the lifestyle like avoiding consumption of alcohol and khat limiting salt intake are highly recommended to decrease the risk of developing raised blood pressure and blood glucose level. In order to promote interventions for prevention and control of NCDs, reduce the risks associated with it, A comprehensive approach is needed which will involve all sectors including Ministries of Health, Education, Agriculture, Trade, Youth Women and Children Affair, Sport Commission, Mass Media, among others. The attention of other health development partners is also required in the fight against NCDs in Ethiopia. Strengthening the capacity of health facilities is also recommended to offer the service related to NCDs and ensures that the health system adequately monitors compliance with national standards. Furthermore, strategies of surveillance system for risk factors need to be established to monitor and measure changes in NCDs burden over time.